In August 2008, Bogor Nirwana Residence was launched as an eco-city, the district of commercials, entertainment, and central business that highlight open space and harmony with nature. A 1200 ha land area of middle-upper residential eco-city project located in Jalan Pahlawan (Dreded), Pasirjaya Village, the center of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
Right at the foot of Mount Salak, Bogor Nirwana Residence is built with a resort concept by maintaining 60% of the land as green areas. The residential complex is completed with an integrated commercial and edutainment waterpark consisting of Orchard Walk, The Jungle Waterpark and 4D Cinema, The Jungle Mall, Bogor Bowling Center and Aston Bogor Hotel & Resort.
As an eco-city, Bogor Nirwana Residence also develop a shopping mall with Eco-Mall concept. It was cozy environment-friendly shopping place with green concept in every step. As the first eco-mall in Indonesia, it applied energy saving technology as solar energy as the main source. The eco-mall provides 360 degrees view to green atmosphere, breezily wind of Mount Salak and Mount Halimun.
An eco-city is a city built off the principles of living within the means of the environment. Eco-Cities are places where people can live healthier and economically productive lives while reducing their impact on the environment. They work to harmonize existing policies, regional realities, and economic and business markets with their natural resources and environmental assets.
Eco-Cities strive to engage all citizens in collaborative and transparent decision making, while being mindful of social equity concerns, as a sustainable community. A sustainable community is an environmentally, economically, and socially healthy place where people can live, work and play for decades to come:
1. Ecological sustainability ensures that all parts of the natural and built environments work together as a single ecological system.
2. Economic sustainability ensures a healthy economy that supports and sustains people and the environment in which they live over the long-term.
3. Social sustainability ensures that a community meets residents’ basic health and social needs and has the resiliency to prevent and/or address problems in the future.
The ultimate goal of eco-city is to eliminate all carbon waste, to produce energy entirely through renewable sources, and to incorporate the environment into the city; however, eco-cities also have the intentions of stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty, organizing cities to have higher population densities, and therefore higher efficiency, and improving health. The concept of the “eco-city” was born out of one of the first organizations focused on eco-city development.
The criteria of eco-city has been described as a city that fulfills the following requirements:
1. Operates on a self-contained economy, resources needed are found locally
2. Has completely carbon-neutral and renewable energy production
3. Has a well-planned city layout and public transportation system that makes the priority methods of transportation as follows possible: walking first, then cycling, and then public transportation.
4. Resource conservation—maximizing efficiency of water and energy resources, constructing a waste management system that can recycle waste and reuse it, creating a zero-waste system
5. Restores environmentally damaged urban areas
6. Ensures decent and affordable housing for all socio-economic and ethnic groups and improve jobs opportunities for disadvantaged groups, such as women, minorities, and the disabled
7. Supports local agriculture and produce
8. Promotes voluntary simplicity in lifestyle choices, decreasing material consumption, and increasing awareness of environmental and sustainability issues
Other terms of the eco-city are “urban ecology” or “sustainable city” as a city designed with consideration of environmental impact, inhabited by people dedicated to minimization of required inputs of energy, water and food, and waste output of heat, air pollution – CO2, methane, and water pollution. Generally, developmental experts agree that a sustainable city should meet the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A sustainable city should be able to feed itself with minimal reliance on the surrounding countryside, and power itself with renewable sources of energy.